The difference between ITTV and PTV is called global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), or GEDVI if indexed for the body surface area. The product of CO times the DSt gives the pulmonary thermal volume (PTV). The product of CO and MTt gives the intrathoracic thermal volume (ITTV). By means of transpulmonary thermodilution, the PiCCO™ system calculates CO using the modified Stewart-Hamilton equation, the mean transit time (MTt), and the exponential downslope time (DSt) of the curve. Each measurement was obtained by injection of 20 mL of cold 0.9% NaCl with a temperature of 10%, two additional measurements were performed subsequently. PiCCO™ calibration pre- and post-cold fluid administration was performed as per institutional practice by taking the average of 3 consecutive thermodilution cardiac output (CO) measurements. Pulse contour (PC) analysis provides continuous information while TPTD provides static measurements used to calibrate the continuous PC parameters. Table 1 Characteristics, chronic disease and admitting diagnosis of pH groups ≤ 7.28 and > 7.28.ĭecompensated liver disease/Acute liver failure Patients with atrial or ventricular arrythmias, valvular abnormalities, intracardiac shunts, who were being treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or did not require mechanical ventilation, were excluded. All patients admitted consecutively between May 2018 and March 2019 who were 18 or older, were in sinus rhythm, required invasive hemodynamic monitoring and were under controlled mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube (minimum tidal volume 6–8 mL/Kg) were included in the study. For accuracy, reproducibility, and consistency, we standardized the inclusion and exclusion criteria used for patient recruitment ( Table 1 Appendix). Local investigators screened eligible patients from six ICU's of hospitals the King´s College NHS Foundation Trust and Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, England. This study is reported following the Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. This was a prospective multicenter observational cross-sectional study. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia.The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.
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